15 research outputs found

    Renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: controversy and consensus

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    Renal replacement therapies (RRTs) represent a cornerstone in the management of severe acute kidney injury. This area of intensive care and nephrology has undergone significant improvement and evolution in recent years. Continuous RRTs have been a major focus of new technological and treatment strategies. RRT is being used increasingly in the intensive care unit, not only for renal indications but also for other organ-supportive strategies. Several aspects related to RRT are now well established, but others remain controversial. In this review, we review the available RRT modalities, covering technical and clinical aspects. We discuss several controversial issues, provide some practical recommendations, and where possible suggest a research agenda for the future

    Information aux voyageurs (prévention du risque de décompensation des pathologies chroniques chez les patients cardiaque, diabétique ou dépressif)

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    OBJECTIF : rĂ©aliser une synthĂšse des recommandations destinĂ©e aux mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes concernant les patients cardiaque, diabĂ©tique ou dĂ©pressif dĂ©sirant voyager en zone tropicale et intertropicale. MATERIELS ET METHODES : une revue de la littĂ©rature a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e entre le 1er mai 2012 et le 28 fĂ©vrier 2013. Pour mener Ă  bien cette recherche bibliographique, les banques de donnĂ©es Pubmed, Refdoc et l'International Journal of Traval ont Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©es depuis leur crĂ©ation jusqu'au 28 fĂ©vrier 2013 Ă  partir de mots clefs MeSH prĂ©dĂ©finis. 118 articles ont Ă©tĂ© retenus aprĂšs application de ritĂšres de sĂ©lection et analyse. RESULTATS : La notion d'anticipation du voyage se rĂ©vĂšle indispensable pour les trois profilsde voyageurs Ă©tudiĂ©s. Ainsi, les patients cardiaque, diabĂ©tique ou dĂ©pressif prevent voyager en zone tropicale et intertropicale si leur pathologie se trouve stabilisĂ©e. Quatre Ă  six semaines avant leur voyage une consultation de conseils et de prĂ©vention doit ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e afin de cibler les mesures importantes qui permettront le bon dĂ©roulement du sĂ©jour. Toutes les recommandations spĂ©cifiques Ă  ces catĂ©gories de voyageurs Ă  risque sont exposĂ©es dans ce travail. CONCLUSION : Alors que le nombre de voyageurs porteurs d'une maladie chronique ne cesse d'augmenter, les recommandations pour ces patients Ă  risque ne sont pas clairement dĂ©finies et restent Ă  approfondir. Les mĂ©decin gĂ©nĂ©raliste joue un rĂŽle primordial dans cette prĂ©vention du risque de dĂ©compensation chez les voyageurs ayant une pathologie chronique.AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU MĂ©d/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Spatial and seasonal dynamics of total suspended sediment and organic carbon species in the Congo River

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    International audienceThe Congo (Zaire) River, the world's second largest river in terms both of water discharges and of drainage area after the Amazon River, has remained to date in a near-pristine state. For a period between 2 and 6 years, the mainstream near the river mouth (Brazzaville/Kinshasa station) and some of the major and minor tributaries (the Oubangui, Mpoko, and Ngoko-Sangha) were monitored every month for total suspended sediment (TSS), particulate organic carbon (POC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In this large but relatively flat equatorial basin, TSS levels are very low and organic carbon is essentially exported as DOC: from 74% of TOC for the tributaries flowing in savannah regions and 86% for those flowing in the rain forest. The seasonal patterns of TSS, POC, and DOC show clockwise hysteresis in relation to river discharges, with maximum levels recorded 2 to 4 months before peak flows. At the Kinshasa/Brazzaville station, the DOC distribution is largely influenced by the input from the tributaries draining the large marshy forest area located in the center of the basin. There is a marked difference between specific fluxes, threefold higher in the forest basins than in the savannah basins. The computation of inputs to the Atlantic Ocean demonstrates that the Congo is responsible for 14.4 × 106 t/yr of TOC of which 12.4 × 106 t/yr is DOC and 2 × 106 t/yr is POC. The three biggest tropical rivers (the Amazon, the Congo, and the Orinoco), with only 10% of the exoreic world area drained to world oceans, contribute ~4% of its TSS inputs but 15-18% of its organic carbon inputs. These proportions may double when considering only world rivers discharging into the open ocean

    GĂ©osciences au Cameroun

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    L'Ă©tude des apports atmosphĂ©riques en milieu forestier sud-camerounais (suivant un transect ouest-est) est menĂ©e depuis 1989 par le Centre de Recherches Hydrologiques du Cameroun et l'ORSTOM dans le cadre du Programme d'Etude de l'Environnement de la GĂ©osphĂšre Intertropicale (PEGI) de l'ORSTOM-INSU-CNRS. Les rĂ©sultats d'analyse chimique des eaux pluviales, prĂ©levĂ©es Ă  partir des pluviomĂštres Ă  lectures directes en plexiglas, ont permis d'Ă©tablir des bilans gĂ©ochimiques Ă  l'exutoire des bassins versants. Le suivi spatio-temporel des apports atmosphĂ©riques depuis l'ocĂ©an Atlantique jusqu'Ă  la frontiĂšre camerouno-centrafricaine a contribuĂ© non seulement Ă  une meilleure connaissance de leur qualitĂ© chimique, mais aussi Ă  diffĂ©rencier les sources des Ă©lĂ©ments, de mĂȘme qu'Ă  dĂ©terminer leurs impacts environnementaux. Ainsi, les teneurs en chlore et en sodium dĂ©croissent de Kribi vers Yokadouma-Moloundou, soulignent leur origine marine tandis que celles de potassium, calcium, magnĂ©sium et sulfates augmentent, indiquant ainsi d'autres sources (terrigĂšnes, biogĂ©niques et anthropiques Ă©ventuellement). Les mesures de pH effectuĂ©es sur les pluies collectĂ©es Ă  ZoĂ©tĂ©lĂ© (Nsimi) en 1996 Ă  l'aide d'un prĂ©leveur Ă  ouverture automatique montrent que les pluies en milieu forestier sud-camerounais sont Ă  tendance acide (pH moyen = 4,9), aciditĂ© imputable principalement aux acides formique (13%) et acĂ©tique (6%) qui reprĂ©sentent environ 20% de la charge totale dissoute. Les premiĂšres conclusions de ce travail ont ouvert de nouveaux axes de recherche, notamment l'Ă©tude des gaz et des aĂ©rosols, suite Ă  l'intĂ©gration du site de ZoĂ©tĂ©lĂ© dans le rĂ©seu IGAC (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry)/DEBITS (Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species)-Africa (IDAF). (RĂ©sumĂ© d'auteur

    Scoring and psychometric validation of the ‘Determinants of Intentions to Vaccinate’ (DIVA©) questionnaire

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    International audienceBackground: Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a key role regarding vaccination in France. The aims of the present study were to define the scoring rules and to assess the measurement properties of the ‘Determinants of Intentions to Vaccinate’ (DIVA©) questionnaire that aims to assess PCPs’ attitudes and beliefs toward vaccination.Methods: The DIVA questionnaire was derived from a literature review and PCPs focus groups. Scoring and early validation of the DIVA questionnaire were determined during a cross-sectional study conducted in France. During the study, PCPs had to complete the DIVA questionnaire for any of the six vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) to which they were randomly assigned (measles, pertussis, pneumococcus infection, seasonal influenza, human papillomavirus -HPV- infection and tetanus). Descriptive analyses of items and the analysis of the grouping of items into domains were conducted. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity was assessed according to each VPD.Results: The DIVA questionnaire was completed by 1,069 PCPs and was well accepted. The ‘Commitment of the PCP to the vaccination approach’ score showed very good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha >0.70 overall and for each VPD). The construct validity of the DIVA questionnaire was confirmed.Conclusions: The DIVA questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of PCPs’ attitudes and beliefs toward vaccination
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